Improvement in churns



W. RED HEFFER.

Chun.

Patented Aug. 17,1875.

r No. 166,893.

UNrrEn FFICE WILLIAM REDHEFFER, OF ST. LOUIS, ASSIGNOB OF TWO-THIRDS HISRIGHT TO WASHINGTON H. CHICK, OF ST. LOUIS, AND JOSEPH S. CHICK, OF

KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 166,8J`93, dated August17, 1875; application filed Decemb621',e74.

To all whom tt may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM REDHEFFER, of the city and county of St.Louis, in the State ot' Missouri, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Churns; and I do hereby declare that the followingspecification,

-taken in connection with the drawings furnished and forming a part ofthe same, is a clear, true, and accurate description thereof.

My said improvements relate to certain novclties in the construction ofreciprocating tin churns, whereby they are rendered of great practicabledurability.

It is well known that churns composed of wood are dicult to be keptclean and sweet, and that butter is particularly susceptible to injuryin the absorption of objectionable odors and flavors. With a view toavoiding the liability of thus injuring butter, churns have been made ofvarious materials, such as stone, iron, and commercial tin plate. Thislatter article is particularly suited to the purpose, as it has a line,smooth finish, is a good conductor of heat, and is light and readilykept clean and neat. Owing to the fact, however, that they arenecessarily subjected to severe usage during the butter-makingoperations, tin churns, as heretofore constructed, have beenshort-lived, and, although preferable to any others in almost everyother respect, they have been reluctantly abandoned on account of theirnon-durable character.

My invention consists, rst, in a churn-cylinder of tin-plate, providedwith outwardturned flanges at each end, a seamless flanged v rim, and aseamless hanged base, both composed ot' tin-plate, and respectivelytelescoped to the cylinder-ilanges, and soldered thereto, whereby thecylinder is directly braced by its end flanges and the telescoped jointsof the rim and base; second, in a cap or cover which is stamped into acup form, projecting downward into the cylinder, and provided with adasher-handle aperture, which is surrounded by an iron ring soldered tothe cover, whereby the cover, however tight and close it may be fitted,may be removed from the cylinder by means of a sharp upward blow fromthe dasher, without in any manner injuriously aecting the cover; third,in a novel manner of mounting upon a wooden handle such beaters as aredescribed in my Letters Patent No. 146,710, dated January 20, 1874.

To more particularly describe my invention,

I will refer to the accompanying drawings, in

which- Figure l represents in perspective one ot' my churns. Fig. 2represents the same in vertical central section.

A denotes the cylinder of the churn, preferably made with a singlevertical seam. After this seam has been soldered the flanges a are madeat each end by means of tools well known in the art. By means of theseflanges alone the cylinder is rendered quite rigid. B denotes the base.The molded flange and the bottoln oi' the can are composed of one pieceof tin-plate struck up in dies, wherein the annular shoulder b isformed, having an outline slightly within the interior line of thecylinder at the tlanges a, so that when they are brought together, asshown, a telescopic joint is formed, which, when soldered, is one ot'vgreat rigidity, strength, and durability.

It will be seen that the downward thrust of the cylinder on the base isborne by the flange throughout its width, instead of being borne by itsedge, as is common with similar structures of tin, as heretoforeconstructed.

The outer periphery of the base may be strengthened by a turned edgeafter the manner of false wiring, or an iron wire ring may be solderedthereto in manner well known. For purpose of increasing its strength andsolidity without materially adding to its weight, I tit to the concaveside of the base a wooden core, c, turned to conform to. the contour ot'the flange, and secured in position by means of lugs soldered to theange, as shown.

It is sometimes advisable to attain the desired temperature for churningby partially' immersing the churn in water contained in a tub, and forthe purpose of allowing the water to freely leave the spaces between theliange and core when the churn is removed from the tub the central holedis provided.

The bottom of the core is not incloscd, and therefore can be readilydried after use. ,y

'C denotes the rim-flange. For economy in manufacture I make therim-flange a counterpart of the base, so that both may be cut and fornwdby the same dies. An annular opening is cut therein, and thedownwardly-turned flange at e so formed that it will accurately tit theinterior of the cylinder, and afford an outer periphery corresponding tothe inner periphery of the cylinder-flange. When Well soldered a jointis formed with strength equal to that of thejoint at the base.

D denotes the cap or cover. Itis composed of aplate struck up in dies ina cup form, and is provided with the usual flanges f and g, for tightconnection with the cylinder. The center of the cap or cover projectsdownward into the cylinder. The dasherhandle hole is in thecenter of thecap, and is surrounded with an iron ring soldered to the lower surface.This ring affords an abutment, against which a blow is delivered by theupper end of the dasher or beater, when the cover is to be removed, andthe ring, in connection with the concave form of the cover, admits ofthis frequent operation without possible injury to the cover. It is wellknown that the cover should iit tightly, and effect a close joint withthe can, and that its withdrawal would be difficult without some suchaid as is afforded by bringing the dasher into this service, asdescribed.

E denotes the beater or dasher. It is composed of two or more hollowfrustums of cones, constructed substantially in accordance with LettersPatent issued to me January 20,1874, No.146,710. The novelty in mypresent invention relative thereto consists in a novel method ofmounting and securing the hollow frustums on the wooden dasher-handle h,so that no wooden surface is exposed thereon throughout the length ofthe dasher, whereby it may be readily cleaned, and also so that noportion thereof may become charged with stale cream or other fluids.

Each hollow frustum is perforated, as shown, and is struck up in diesfrom one piece of tin. The lower edges should be strengthened by falsewiring or equivalent means. A tight tube, z', of tin of proper length isfitted to the handle, and a large-headed nail or screw, as at k, isdriven endwise in the wood, which so expands it as to tightly wedge thetube thereon. The tube may be slightly tapered, and larger at its lowerend, so that the end of the handle will till it after the manner ofdovetailing. The upper dasher is then placed adjacent to the top of thetube, and soldered from below, the solder filling and surrounding thetop edge of the tube, and making the joint with the wood a tight one.Should there be any space between the handle and this frustum it will beadvisable to lill it with white lead in oil, so as to secure apositively tight joint. The second frustum is then located and firmlysoldered. The lower one is then put into position adjacent to the lowerend of the tube and soldered. Then the button-plate at Z is soldered,whereby the end of the wood and the nail or screw head is inclosed. s

It will be seen that the handle and tube are secured againstlongitudinal thrusts, as follows: In the upward by the expanded handlein the tube, and against downward thrust by the button-plate at the endof the handle and the frictional contact of the expanded wood with theinterior of the wood. Additional .unity may be effected by indentationof the tube into the wood. When this method is adopted care should betaken not to have the indentations perforate the metal, nor aord'cavities for the retention of cream, &c. The dasher-handle is providedwith a crossbar, which is connected therewith by means of a screw.

It will be seen that all the parts of the dasher may be readilycleansed, as it has none but bright smooth metallic surfaces, and has nonooks or corners for the retention of cream, &c.

As a result of my invention I have been enabled to practically meet ademand for a tin churn which, with ordinary usage, will equal indurability any heretofore known to me, and one which requires but littlelabor to keep it in order. It is of importance that the handle be ofwood in order to avoid disagreeable and injurious, friction between itand the cap or cover, and also to render it as light as possibleconsistent with the strength required.

As to the effect in the churning operation of the hollow perforatedfrustums of cones, it is only necessary to say that the churning israpidly and perfectly effected, because at each downward movement of thedasher numerous streams of cream are forced against the walls of thecylinder in such manner as to effect a speedy and thorough separation ofthe butter from the cream. Having thus described claim as new- 1. Achurn-cylinder composed of tin-plate, constructed with flanged ends, andprovided with a flanged base and a ilanged rim, both of which areseamless, and which are united to the cylinder by a telescoped solderedjoint, substantially as described.

2. The close-fitting concave tinplate cap or cover of a reciprocating'churn, with an iron abutting-ring at its center, substantially asdescribed, may be effected without injury thereto by an upward blow ofthe dasher, as set forth.

3. The churn-flasher composed of the eX- panded wooden handle, the tubei, and plate l, in combination with the hollow frustums of cones,substantially as described.

WILLIAM REDHEFFER.

my invention, I

Witnesses:

PHILIP F. LARNER, J No. D. PATTEN.

whereby the removal of the cap'

